基于小波分析辅助GPS-IR反演土壤湿度研究     

任超  张志刚  梁月吉  潘亚龙  黄仪邦 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(1):77-81

GPS-IR是一种基于卫星反射信号的新的遥感技术,利用SNR观测值中的卫星反射信号可实现土壤湿度的反演。针对卫星反射信号分离问题,提出一种基于小波分析的卫星反射信号分离新方法。实验表明,采用小波分析能够针对不同卫星的信噪比观测值作出相应变化,有效分离卫星直射信号,获取更加准确的卫星反射信号;采用线性回归模型能够很好地表示相对延迟相位与土壤湿度之间的相关性,通过小波分析获取的结果相对于低阶多项式结果有明显提高。  相似文献   

Dynamics of settling-driven convection beneath a sediment-laden buoyant overflow: Implications for the length-scale of deposition in lakes and the coastal ocean     

Shahrzad Davarpanah Jazi  Mathew G. Wells 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):699-720

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted in order to determine how settling-driven convection influences the length-scale over which the majority of particles settle beneath a buoyant sediment-laden plume spreading over a denser saline layer. This system is analogous to sediment-laden river water spreading into a lake or the coastal ocean. The key dimensionless parameter that controls the settling dynamics of such flows is the density ratio, defined as the ratio of density differences due to the added salt and sediment. For a buoyant plume, this ratio has to be greater than unity, so that the experiments in the current study were performed for density ratios between one and five. When density ratio was close to one, settling-driven convection was vigorous and the length-scale over which sedimentation occurred was very small. A strong secondary turbidity current was generated in this case. On the other hand, for larger values of density ratio, the predicted length-scale over which a secondary plume was generated increased in proportion to the density ratio. A complete mathematical expression for this length-scale was developed using recent theory that described the timescale over which settling-driven convection evolved. The theoretically predicted propagation length-scale showed very good quantitative agreement with laboratory experiments. The use of the dimensionless density ratio allows the expression to predict which sediment-laden river plumes in lakes and the coastal ocean could quickly form secondary turbidity currents.  相似文献   

应用有机碳同位素技术研究湛江湾生态环境的变化过程          下载免费PDF全文

曹瀚升  张振鹏  贺文同  黄鑫  蒲晓强 《海洋技术学报》2020,39(1):57-63

随着工业化进程的加快,湛江湾的生态环境承载力受到了极大的考验。为了解湛江湾生态环境的变化过程,文中利用湛江湾表层柱状沉积物样品中总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素、总氮含量(TN)和C/N值的测定,结合端元混合模型,分析了湛江湾沉积物中有机质的来源,探讨了沉积物有机碳同位素的主要影响因素。结果表明,湛江湾沉积物中有机质主要来源为自生藻类,同时也受一定程度陆源输入的影响。沉积序列的元素地球化学参数表明,沉积物δ13C值呈现短暂的负偏随后长期正偏的趋势。底部的负偏可能与大气CO2浓度增加有关,随后δ13C主体正偏的趋势主要受控于气候转暖、生产力增加以及富营养化程度增加的共同影响,暗示了人类活动对湛江湾的生态环境的影响逐渐加剧。其中,人类活动相关的工业、农业有机污染物排放可能是不断加剧海水富营养化的主要原因。  相似文献   

Ductility demands of tall buildings subjected to base rocking induced by Rayleigh waves     

Kristel C. Meza Fajardo  Apostolos S. Papageorgiou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(10):1174-1194

Performance-based earthquake engineering requires accurate estimation of structural response associated with different damage states because of strong ground motion. In recent work (Meza-Fajardo and Papageorgiou, 2018, EESD), we demonstrated that a significant contribution to the response of elastic soil-structure systems for high-rise buildings is attributed to base rocking associated with Rayleigh waves. The present paper presents results of a study investigating the effects of Rayleigh waves on the response of soil-structure systems with nonlinear behavior at the level of the superstructure. By introducing a rigid-elastic rotational spring at the base of the building, we take into account the stiffness reduction due to damage to the lateral load-resisting system at its root, and with it, increased displacement demands. Considering different levels of ductility and post-yield stiffness, we investigate the impact of rocking because of Rayleigh waves on maximum and residual interstory drift ratios. Our results indicate that rocking due to surface waves should be an important consideration for design and evaluation of tall buildings, as inelastic action elongates their effective natural period, and consequently, they are more prone to be damaged by resonance and excitation of extended duration because of Rayleigh waves.  相似文献   

利用全波形匹配方法确定水力压裂诱发地震震源机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谭玉阳  胡隽  张海江  苗园园  查华胜  廖雷  钱佳威 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4417-4436

准确确定水力压裂诱发地震的震源机制对于描述裂缝破裂类型以及工区地应力状态十分重要.本文采用全波形匹配的方法确定诱发地震震源机制解，在拟合波形的同时对实际数据P波初动极性和纵横波振幅比也进行匹配，并在此基础上发展了一种基于邻域算法分级优化确定震源机制解的新方法.新方法的优势在于它对解具有更强的约束，并且能够解决现有方法中存在的权值系数选择问题.合成数据测试结果表明新方法能够得到可靠的震源机制解.本文将该方法应用于国内某页岩气田水力压裂诱发地震监测数据，反演结果表明诱发地震的震源类型以走滑破裂为主，表明该地区的最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力.  相似文献   

Response of soil erosion and sediment sorting to the transport mechanism on a steep rocky slope     

Zhen Han  Xiaoyan Wang  Dandan Song  Xinxin Li  Ping Huang  Maohua Ma 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(12):2467-2478

A deeper understanding of the sediment characteristics associated with rock fragment content can improve our knowledge of the erosional processes and transport mechanisms of sediments on steep rocky slopes. This research used simulated rainfall experiments lasting for 1 h at a rate of 90 mm h⁻¹ and employed 5 × 1 × 0.4 m parallel troughs filled with purple soils with different rock fragment volumetric contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) on a 15° slope gradient. For each simulated event, runoff and sediment were sampled at 1- and 3-min intervals, respectively, to study, in detail, the temporal changes in the size distributions of the eroded sediments. The results show that sediment concentrations, soil erosion rates and soil loss ratios significantly decreased as rock fragment content increased for rock fragment contents from 0 to 40% in purple soils. During the transportation process, clay particles often formed aggregates and were then transported as larger particles. Silt particles were more likely to be transported as primary particles with a low degree of sediment aggregation. Sand-sized particles, which constituted a greater proportion of the original soil than the eroded sediments, were formed from other fine particles and transported as aggregates rather than as primary particles. Suspension-saltation, which mainly transports fine particles of 0.02–0.05 mm and coarse particles larger than 0.5 mm in size, was the most important transport mechanism on steep rocky slopes. The results of this study can help to explain the inherent laws of erosional processes on steep rocky slopes and can provide a foundation for improving physical models of soil erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Estimation and analysis of the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China     

Ren  Xiaoli  Lu  Qianqian  He  Honglin  Zhang  Li  Niu  Zhongen 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1807-1822

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction...  相似文献   

RNA干扰蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)doublesex1基因的表达研究     

童巧琼  林重远  朱晓静  周伟  徐善良  王丹丽  赵云龙 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):117-123

为了探索doublesex1(dsx1)基因是否在蚤状溞的生殖转换过程中发挥作用,利用蚤状溞滤食摄食的特点将体外合成的dsx1双链RNA(ds RNA)通过浸泡得方法分别摄入不同生殖状态的溞体中,实现dsx1基因的表达沉默。随后采用荧光定量PCR(q PCR)以及整体原位杂交分别检测不同生殖状态下蚤状溞在RNAi前后体内dsx1的表达水平变化,进而研究dsx1在蚤状溞生殖转换过程中的作用。结果表明:雄性溞、两性溞、孤雌溞在RNAi后均出现了dsx1 m RNA表达水平的显著下调,且下调量具有显著性差异(P0.05)其中在孤雌溞中下调68%,在三种生殖状态中最为显著,其次是雄性溞(56%)和两性溞(20%)。同时发现,干扰前能够在溞的第一触角、第一胸肢和复眼上检测到明显的信号位点,而在RNAi后,仅在溞体的第一触角上发现少量dsx1基因表达位点,且第一胸肢及复眼上未检测到相关信号。结合未干扰前dsx1在不同生殖状态溞的表达定量以及定位结果,我们推测dsx1可能在蚤状溞的生殖转化基因调控过程中扮演关键角色,并且在维持雄性蚤状溞性别特征的机制中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

元素分析-同位素比值质谱法测量海洋沉积物中有机碳和氮稳定同位素组成的实验室间比对研究     

常文博  李凤  张媛媛  贺行良 《岩矿测试》2020,39(4):535-545

海洋沉积物中有机碳、氮稳定同位素(δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N)作为一种有效指标,可对不同地质时期空气、温度、降水等参数的变化进行标记。元素分析-同位素比值质谱法是一种测量海洋沉积物有机碳、氮稳定同位素组成的合理、有效的方法。目前我国有诸多实验室使用元素分析仪(EA)与稳定同位素比值质谱仪(IRMS)联用的方法对沉积物中的有机碳、氮稳定同位素进行测试。各实验室之间测试技术及数据稳定性缺少比对依据,测试结果缺乏有效的溯源,使用过程中缺乏规范和统一。本文选取了我国2018年研制的三个国家一级海洋沉积物碳氮稳定同位素标准物质(GBW04701、GBW04702、GBW04703)及两个国际标准物质(EMA-B2152、EMA-B2151),在我国十家实验室对EA-IRMS在线技术测试方法进行实验室间的测量比对实验,以验证方法的稳定性、精密度和准确度。测试结果表明:各家协作实验室的数据准确、稳定,方法的重复性和再现性良好,测得的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N精密度分别好于0.10‰、0.14‰。通过比对研究,同时证明了EA-IRMS在线技术适用于海洋沉积物中的有机碳、氮稳定同位素的测定,初步建立了一套适合海洋沉积物样品分析的方法。  相似文献   

基于微动H/V谱比法的土石分界面探测研究——以济南中心城区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张若晗  徐佩芬  凌甦群  杜亚楠  游志伟  王志辉  孙成禹 《地球物理学报》2020,63(1):339-350

土石分界面对城市抗震设防和地下工程建设具有重要意义.城市中复杂的干扰限制了常规地球物理勘探方法的使用,本文选用环境友好且抗干扰能力强的微动H/V谱比法对济南中心城区的土石分界面展开研究.在济南中心城区开展三分量微动测量,得到了400多个测点的微动数据,计算了对应的H/V谱比曲线.将得到的H/V曲线划分成单峰、宽峰、双峰和无峰四种类型,分析了不同类型曲线与地质结构的关系.根据基岩性质不同,将研究区的基岩划分为灰岩和岩浆岩两种类型,总结出了基岩为灰岩时的深度-频率关系式,同时发现当基岩为岩浆岩时无法得到可靠的关系式.根据关系式计算得到了济南部分测线的土石分界面深度分布,另外,关系式的计算结果与钻孔资料十分吻合,能满足工程探测的精度要求.本方法为在城市强干扰环境中确定土石分界面深度提供了快速准确的解决方案.  相似文献